He mea nui te ine tika i te tere rere me te mahi pēhanga o te papu diaphragm moroiti hei whiriwhiri i te papu tika mō tō tono me te whakarite kia pono tana mahi. He rerekē ki ngā whakaritenga tino pai, he maha ngā āhuatanga e pāngia ana e te mahi o te ao tūturu. E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i ngā tikanga, ngā taputapu, me ngā whakaaro nui mō te whakahaere i ēnei whakamātautau nui.

He aha te Hiranga o te Whakamātautau Tika:

• Manatokohia ngā Whakatakotoranga a te Kaihanga: Me whakarite kia tutuki te papu i tana mahi i kīia i raro i tetōungā tikanga motuhake.

• Te Whaihua o te Whakamahinga: Whakatauhia mēnā ka tukuna e te papu te rere e hiahiatia ana ki te pēhanga tuturu o te pūnaha (ngaronga upoko).

• Whakaurunga Pūnaha: Kia mārama ki te whanonga o te papu i roto i tō pūnaha wai katoa.

• Te Whakatau Rapanga: Tātarihia ngā raruraru mahi pēnei i te iti o te rere, te kore rānei e taea te eke ki te pēhanga.

• Mana Kounga: Whakahaerehia ngā tirotiro taumai, ngā whakamātautau whakaputa rānei.

Ngā Taputapu Whakamātautau Matua:

1. Pūtake HikoHe pūhiko hiko DC, AC rānei e pumau ana, e taea te whakarite, e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga o te ngaohiko o te papu. He mea nui te mita maha hei aroturuki i te ngaohiko me te iahiko.

2. Mita Rere:Tīpakohia i runga i te awhe rere e tumanakohia ana me te hototahitanga o te wai.

   • Ngā Mita Rere Papatipu Mamati (Wai/Hau): Tino tika, he maha ngā wā kei roto ko ngā taputapu ine taumaha.

   • Ngā Mita Rere Hurihuri (Ngā Mita Rere Rohe Rerekē): He iti te utu, he tohu tirohanga, me te whakatikatika mō tētahi wai motuhake.

   • Ngā Mita Rere o te Tīpuna: He pai mō ngā tere rere taurite, me hiahia he wai ma.

   • Ngā Mita Coriolis: He tino tika mō te rere o te papatipu, engari he utu nui.

   • Ine Rōrahi (Puoto Paetahi me te Mataaratanga): Tikanga māmā, iti te utu mō ngā wai. Ine i te rōrahi i kohia i roto i te wā (Tere Rere = Rōrahi / WāKo te tika o te mahi ka whakawhirinaki ki te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere me te tika o te rango.

3. Ngā Ine Pēhanga, Ngā Whakawhiti rānei:

   • Whakatakotoria tētahi ki te PUTANGA o te papu (P_puta).

   • Whakatakotoria tētahi ki te PUKA WHAKAMUTUNGA o te papu (P_in) mēnā he nui te hiki momi, he here rānei mō te whakaurunga. Me nui ake te awhe ine i ngā pēhanga e tumanakohia ana.

4. Whakahaere Pēhanga / Utaina (Whakatauira Pūwāhi DUTY):

   • Ngā Takirere Ngira: Te whakahaere pai i te here putanga hei whakatauira i te pēhanga whakamuri o te pūnaha.

   • Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Pēhanga: Homai he whakahaere pēhanga pumau ake.

   • Pou Wai (Manometer): He huarahi māmā ki te whakamahi i tētahi pēhanga whakamuri motuhake mō te whakamātautau pēhanga iti (hei tauira,Hmita wai =H* 9.8 kPa).

5. Ngā Ngongo me ngā Hononga:Whakamahia ngā rahi me ngā rauemi e tika ana mō tō wai. Whakaitihia te roa me ngā piko i waenga i te papu me ngā pūoko hei whakaiti i ngā hapa ine.

6. Pūnaha Wai:Kei roto te wai whakamātautau. Me whakarite kia rawaka te rahinga me te pāmahana tika o te wai.

7. Pūtātari Raraunga (Whiringa engari e taunakitia ana):Ka tuhia te ngaohiko, te ia, te rere, me te pēhanga i roto i te wā hei tātari taipitopito me te whakaputa pihi.

Tatūnga Whakamātautau Paerewa:

[Puna Wai] -> [Ngongo Whakauru] -> [Puna Whakauru] -> [PUNA DIAPHRAGM MICRO] -> [Ngongo Putanga] | V [Ine Pēhanga (P_out)] | V [Taupā ngira / Kaiwhakahaere Pēhanga] <--- [Mana Pēhanga] | V [Mita Rere] | V [Kohikohi/Whakahoki]

Ngā Tukanga Whakamātautau Matua:

1. Whakamātautau Rere Rere (i te Pēhanga Pūmau):

• Whāinga: Ine i te rōrahi o te wai e tukuna ana ia wā ki tētahi pēhanga putanga motuhake.

• Tikanga:

  1. Whakakīia te papu me te pūnaha ki te wai whakamātautau (mēnā he wai).

  2. Tautuhia te pūhiko ki te ngaohiko kua whakatauria o te papu.

  3. Whakatikatikahia te takirere ngira putanga, te kaiwhakahaere rānei kia tutuki ai tete pēhanga putanga ūnga e hiahiatia ana(P_puta), e ai ki te pānui i runga i te ine pēhanga putanga.Tuhia te P_out.

  4. Tukua te pūnaha kia tau (ka pumau te rere me te pēhanga - ka roa pea mai i ngā hēkona ki ngā meneti).

  5. Inehia te tere rere:

     • Te Whakamahi i te Mita Rere: Pānuihia te tere rere inamata.

     • Te Whakamahi i te Tikanga Rōrahi: Tīmatahia he taima i te wā kotahi e tīmata ana koe ki te kohikohi wai i roto i te rango kua tohua. Whakamutua te taima ina nui te rōrahi kua kohia. Tātaihia te Tere Rere = Rōrahi Kohia / Te Wā Kohikohi.

  6. Tuhia te Tere Rere, P_out, Ngaohiko, Iahiko.

  7. (Whiringa)Whakahokia ngā taahiraa 3-6 mō ngā pēhanga putanga ūnga rerekē hei hanga i tētahi ānau rere vs. pēhanga.

2. Whakamātautau Pēhanga (Pūnga rānei) (i te Rere Pūmau / Whakaweto):

• Whāinga: Ine i te pēhanga mōrahi ka taea e te papu te whakaputa i te kore rere (te pane kati) i te taha rānei o te aukati.

• Tikanga:

  1. Whakakīia te papu me te pūnaha ki te hinu whakarewa.

  2. Tautuhia te pūhiko ki te ngaohiko kua whakatauria o te papu.

  3. Mō te Upoko Whakaweto:

     • Katia rawatia te takirere ngira putanga.

     • Tukua kia piki te pēhanga kia mau tonu (kia tere tonu te eke ki te taumata teitei).WHAKATŪPATO: Kia tino taea e ngā wāhanga katoa te whakahaere i te pēhanga whakaweto me te haumaru.

     • Tuhia te mōrahiP_puta(Pēhanga Whakaweto).

  4. Mō te Pēhanga i tētahi Rere Motuhake:

     • Whakatikatikahia te takirere ngira putanga kia tutuki ai tete tere rere e hiahiatia ana, e ai ki te pānui i runga i te mita rere.

     • Tukua te pūnaha kia tau.

     • TuhiaP_putame te Tere Rere.

  5. Tuhia te Ngaohiko me te Iahiko i ngā āhuatanga e rua.

3. Te Whakaputa i tētahi Āhua Mahi (Te Paerewa Koura):

• Whāinga: Tuhia te whanaungatanga i waenga i te Tere Rere (Q) me te Pēhanga Putanga (P) i te ngaohiko pumau. Koinei te whakaaturanga tino whai hua o te mahi a te papu.

• Tikanga:

  1. Tīmatahia me te takirere putanga e tuwhera katoa ana (te iti o te pēhanga whakamuri, te rere mōrahi, tata ki te kore P_out). Inehia, ka tuhia te Q me te P_out.

  2. Katia mārire te takirere putanga i ngā wāhanga iti.

  3. I ia pikinga, tukua te pēhanga me te rere kia tau.

  4. Inehia, ka tuhia te Q, te P_out, te Ngaohiko, me te Iahiko i ia pūwāhi pumau.

  5. Haere tonu kia kati rawatia te takirere (Q=0, P_out = Pēhanga Whakamutu).

  6. Tāia te Tere Rere (Q) ki te tuaka-X me te Pēhanga Putanga (P_out) ki te tuaka-Y. Honoa ngā pūwāhi raraunga hei hanga i te kōpiko QH. Tāia te Iahiko (I) ki te tuaka-Y tuarua mēnā e hiahiatia ana.

Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki ngā Hua Whakamātautau (Me Whakahaere/Aroturuki):

• Ngaohiko: He tino whakawhirinaki te mahi ki te ngaohiko. Whakamātauria i tete ngaohiko whakahaere kua tohua tikaAroturuki i te ngaohikoi ngā pūnga papui raro i te kawenga.

• Ngā Āhuatanga Wai: He nui te pānga o te matotoru, te mātotoru, me te pāmahana ki te mahi. Whakamātauria ki tewai tūturue whakamahia ana i roto i tana tonopāmahana whakahaereKo te wai i te 20-25°C te wai tohutoro paerewa.

• Ngā Āhuatanga o te Tomokanga:

  • Te Hiki Momi (Te Pēhanga Tomokanga Kino): Mena kei te hiki te papu i te wai mai i raro i tōna tomokanga, inehiaP_inKa heke te mahi i te hikinga.

  • Te Herenga Whakauru: Ka whakaitihia te rere me te kaha pēhanga e ngā tātari kua purua, ngā ngongo whakauru roa/iti rānei. Whakaitihia ngā herenga whakauru i te wā whakamātautau mēnā kāore i te whakamātautauhia tōna pānga.

• Pēhanga Whakamuri Pūnaha: Te pēhanga putanga e whakahaeretia ana, e inehia ana hoki (P_puta) te mea nui.

• Te Hau/Te Kohu i roto i ngā Raina Wai: Me whakarite kia tika te whakareri i te pūnaha, kia kore hoki e puta he mirumiru hau, ka tino whakaiti i te mahi. Me whai tikanga whakamātautau motuhake te kaha ki te whakareri i a ia anō.

• Te Aronga o te Papu: Tērā pea ka whakawhirinaki te mahi a ētahi papu ki te aronga (tirohia te pepa raraunga).

• Whakamahana: Tērā pea ka paku rerekē te mahi a ētahi papu (ina koa ko ngā momo hikohiko) ina tae ki te taurite wera. Kia mōhio mēnā he "mātao" te whakamātautau, he "mahana" rānei.

• Te Pakaru o te Papu: Ka heke te mahi i roto i te wā. Me whakamātau i ngā papu hou.

Te Whakamāori i ngā Hua me ngā Mahanga Noa:

• Whakatauritea ki te Pepa Raraunga: Tuhia tō pihi ine ki tea te kaihangapihi (kia rite te ngaohiko, te wai, te pāmahana).

• Kia Mārama ki te Āputa: Ka heke te rere i te pikinga o te pēhanga. Ka mahi te papu i tētahi wāhi i runga i tēnei āputa i runga i te ātete o te pūnaha.

• Pēhanga Whakamutu ≠ Pēhanga Mahi: He ahotea te mahi tonu i te pēhanga whakamutu, i te pēhanga tata rānei ki te pēhanga whakamutu, ā, ka taea te whakapoto i te roa o te ora o te papu.

• Ngā Taputapu Kāore i te Taurite: Mā te whakamahi i tētahi mita rere me te whānuitanga nui rawa/iti rawa ka whakaiti i te tika. Me whakarite kia tika te taumira o ngā ine pēhanga.

• Te Whakahāwea i te Pēhanga Whakauru: Mō ngā tono hiki momi,P_inhe mea nui. Te papu tuturupēhanga rerekētangakoΔP = P_out - P_in.

• Ngā turuturu: Ahakoa ngā turuturu iti i roto i ngā hononga ka whakararu i ngā inenga pēhanga me te rere.

• Ngā Pānui Kore Pūmau: Tukua kia roa te wā pumau i muri i ia whakatikatika. Ka tohu pea ngā piki me ngā heke i te horomitanga o te hau, te pakaru o te hau, te tutuki rānei o te pūnaha.

• Te āputaputa: Ki te iti rawa te pēhanga tomo (te hiki teitei, te here), ka puta ngā mirumiru kohu ka hinga, ka puta te haruru, te wiri, te hekenga o te rere/pēhanga, me te kino.P_inā, whakarongo ki te tangi o ngā "māpere".

Ngā Whakaaro Matatau:

• Urupare Hihiri: Whakamātauria te tere o te taenga o te papu ki te rere/pēhanga e hiahiatia ana i muri i te tīmatanga, i ngā huringa kawenga rānei.

• Te Pāorooro/Te Whakaiti: Inehia te kaha o te pāorooro o te pēhanga putanga. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he whakaiti mō ngā tono tairongo.

• Whaihua: Tātaihia te mana waipēhi (Mana_haora = ΔP * Q) me te mana whakauru hiko (Hiko_mana = V * I). Te Whai Huatangaη = Mana_waiora / Mana_hiko.

• Te Pikinga o te Pāmahana: Aroturukihia te pāmahana o te pouaka papu i te wā e roa ana te mahi i ngā wāhi mahi rerekē.

• Te Whakatutukitanga (Rōrahi Pūnaha): Ka mahi ngā mirumiru hau, ngā ngongo ngāwari rānei, pērā i te puna, e mimiti ana i ngā pao, ā, ka pā ki te urupare hihiri me te pumau o te rere.

Whakatau:

Te whakamātautau tika opapu diaphragm itiKo te rere me te pēhanga he mahi hangarau taketake. Mā te whakatū tika i te taputapu whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika, te whakahaere tika i ngā taurangi matua (ina koa te ngaohiko me te wai), te kohikohi raraunga pūnaha puta noa i te awhe mahi, me te tātari arohaehae i ngā hua (ina koa te pihi QH), ka whiwhi koe i te māramatanga nui ki ngā āheinga tūturu o te papu. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga ka whakarite i te kōwhiringa papu tino pai, te whakaurunga pūnaha pono, te rapurongoā whai hua, ā, i te mutunga, te angitu o tō tono. Me whakarite tonu te haumaru, inā koa i te wā e whakamātautau ana i ngā pēhanga tata ki te mōrahi.